2023年12月8日 星期五

詩詞裡的藥草--薄荷(Mint)

薄荷是很親民的一種植物,有水就能生長。第一次種植的薄荷,還是因在木柵住學校宿舍時,用一本書(有點忘了?)跟一位網友以物易物換來的。

 

我亦乘桴向海涯,無人復獻雨中花。
卻愁春夢歸吳越,茗飲濃斟薄荷芽。

 --宋·李綱《獻花鋪唐相李德裕謫海南道此有山女獻花因以名之次壁間韻》

而正是由於宋朝重視草藥,薄荷大量種植,使得人們在酷熱的夏天,多了一種清涼的家常草本,用來防病治病,清涼清新的香氣受人們喜愛,也有了關於薄荷的詩詞。而詩詞中某種植物頻繁出現時,證明在當時正開始流行;如同人工智慧流行正夯,跟AI相關的文學藝術作品也會相應出現一般。詩人李綱在海南回憶過往,也想到家鄉江南的薄荷茶。透過薄荷芽泡滿濃濃的一杯,在炎熱夏季時飲用,不僅解暑鎮心,入口冰涼,想到薄荷堅韌的生命力,也能解除心中愁苦吧!

In a boat I sailed toward the distant sea,
No one left to offer flowers in the rain to me.
Worried, my spring dreams return to Wu and Yue,
Sipping tea, blending rich with mint sprouts anew.

--by Song Dynasty poet, Li Gang

2023年12月7日 星期四

香薷、紫蘇、藿香的比較

 

特徵 / Feature香薷 (Elsholtzia ciliata)紫蘇 (Perilla frutescens var. crispa)藿香 (Agastache rugosa)
科屬 / Family 唇形科 (Lamiaceae) 香薷屬 薄荷科 (Lamiaceae) 紫蘇屬 唇形科 (Lamiaceae) 藿香屬
俗名 / Common Name 小薄荷、金不換(Vietnamese Balm) 紫薄荷、紫蘇 (Perilla) 藿香、大紫薄荷(Korean Mint)
生長習性 / Growth Habit多年生草本植物(Perennial herb)一年生草本植物(Annual herb)多年生草本植物(Perennial herb)
植株高度 / Plant Height (20-80 cm) (30-90 cm) (60-90 cm)
葉子 / Leaves卵形,有鋸齒,有香味的葉子 (Ovate, serrated, aromatic leaves)腎形至心形,刻齒,有香味的葉子(Kidney to heart-shaped, serrated, aromatic leaves)卵形,有鋸齒,有香味的葉子 (Ovate, serrated, aromatic leaves)
花朵顏色 / Flower Color白色至淡紫色 (White to light purple)粉紅、白色、紫色(Pink, white, purple)紫色至薰衣草色(Purple to lavender)
花期 / Flowering Season夏季至秋季 (Summer to autumn)夏季至初秋(Summer to early autumn)晚夏至初秋 (Late summer to early fall)
用途 / Uses烹飪、藥用 (Culinary, medicinal)烹飪、藥用、食品添加劑(Culinary, medicinal, food additive)烹飪、藥用、觀賞(Culinary, medicinal, ornamental)


藥用性質 / Medicinal Properties在亞洲傳統醫學中用於解熱、驅風、鎮痛等(Used in traditional Asian medicine for fever relief, wind-dispelling, analgesic properties, etc.)有抗氧化、抗菌、抗炎、解毒等藥用性質(Possesses antioxidant, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, detoxifying properties, etc.)常用於舒緩胃腸不適、鎮定神經等(Commonly used to soothe gastrointestinal discomfort, calm nerves, etc.)
適合生長環境 / Suitable Growing Environment陽光充足,排水良好的環境 (Sunny with well-drained soil)陽光充足,排水良好的環境 (Sunny with well-drained soil)陽光充足,排水良好的環境 (Sunny with well-drained soil)
適應區域 / Adaptation Regions亞洲、歐洲、北美洲等多地區 (Asia, Europe, North America, etc.)亞洲、歐洲、北美洲等多地區 (Asia, Europe, North America, etc.)亞洲、歐洲、北美洲等多地區 (Asia, Europe, North America, etc.)
是否易擴散 / Invasiveness有可能成為入侵物種(Potential to become invasive)有可能成為入侵物種(Potential to become invasive)有可能成為入侵物種(Potential to become invasive)
是否耐寒 / Cold Tolerance對寒冷較敏感(Moderate cold sensitivity)較耐寒 (Moderate cold tolerance)較耐寒 (Moderate cold tolerance)

Please note that the information provided here is a generalization, and specific characteristics may vary depending on factors such as growing conditions and regional variations. Always refer to reliable botanical sources or consult with experts for the most accurate and up-to-date information.

詩詞裡的藥草--香薷(Elsholtzia ciliata)



香薷飲子,把羅衫微汗。

Sipping fragrant Vietnamese lemon mint tea, a light sweat stains the silk robe.

幾曲朱闌露花滿。 

Several melodies of zhu lan dew, flowers in full bloom.

香琉璃七尺,輕展風漪,

Seven feet glass incense burner, fragrance gently ripples in the breeze,

山枕畔,詩劄藥方歷亂。

By the mountain pillow, poems inscribe the history of herbal remedies.

水晶簾不卷,月淡星稀,

The crystal curtains remain unfurled, the moonlight faint, stars sparse,

如水碧天耿銀漢。 

Like water, the azure sky reflects the gleaming Silver River.

枕手未成眠,自琢新詞,

With a yet unfinished pillow under my hand, crafting new verses,

燈花暗、四更初轉。

 The lamp's floral glow dims, as the fourth watch of the night begins.

是杜牧、溫岐隊中人,

In the spirit of Du Mu and Wen Qi, comrades in arms,

縱換了朱顏,綺情難換。

Even if the vermilion visage changes, the enchanting sentiments remain unchanged.

                                                                            --清末近現代初·樊增祥《洞仙歌·夏夜,用坡公韻》


💧補充--中醫師葉妍廷的防疫茶配方
紫蘇3錢、荊芥3錢、香薷3錢、羅漢果1顆、桔梗3錢、魚腥草3錢、甘草3錢,以1.5公升的水,熬煮成1公升,溫熱飲用。(紫蘇、香薷兩味屬於特調配方)此防疫茶配方,比較特殊是加了紫蘇、香薷兩味中藥,整體可以保護呼吸道的免疫力、也對腸胃道很好,因為新冠病毒會跟小腸的ACE2受器結合,紫蘇、香薷促進體表的循環,也對腸胃道很好。保護住第一線的免疫力,儘量排除罹患新冠肺炎的可能。 

詩詞裡的藥草--藿香(Agastache rugosa)

鮑照《擬行路難十八首》原詩的第三首,其中出現了"采芳藿",藿香。大家所熟悉的藿香正氣散,就是用"藿香"來取名,此方以藿香為主藥,其功效能正「不正之氣」。所謂不正之氣,即指脾胃功能紊亂,發生嘔吐腹瀉。《本草正義》關於藿香的作用,提到:「藿香,清分微溫,善理中州濕濁痰涎,為醒脾快胃、振動消陽妙品…芳香能助中州清氣,勝濕闢穢,故為暑濕時令要藥。」

這首詩描寫住處、衣著的華麗和自然景物的優美,反襯女子內心的苦痛。最後以雙鳧、別鶴為喻,形象生動地表達了對愛情的嚮往。



璇閨玉墀上椒閣,文窗繡戶垂羅幕。 

中有一人字金蘭,被服纖羅采芳藿。 

春燕差池風散梅,開幃對景弄禽爵。

含歌攬涕恒抱愁,人生幾時得為樂。 

寧作野中之雙鳧,不願雲間之別鶴。

                                             —南北朝·鮑照--節錄自《擬行路難十八首》

On the jade courtyard, 'neath the peppered pavilion,
Silken windows, embroidered doors, hang with gauzy screens.
Amidst it all, a person named Jinlan,
Draped in fine silk, gathers fragrant patchouli.

Spring swallows skim the pond, breezes scatter plum blossoms,
Unfurling curtains reveal a picturesque scene, birds frolic in delight.
With a song in my heart, and tears in my grasp,
How long must one endure sorrow, and when will joy come at last?

Rather be a pair of ducks in the wild,
Than a parted crane in the clouds so vast.

(Note: This is a poetic interpretation and may not fully capture the nuanced beauty of the original Chinese poem.)

現在使用的廣藿香(Pogostemon Cablin)除了藥用,廣藿香精油也有很好的定香作用。

💧藿香跟廣藿香的簡單比較:
特徵藿香(Agastache rugosa)廣藿香(Pogostemon cablin)
科屬唇形科 (Lamiaceae)唇形科 (Lamiaceae)
俗名韓國薄荷,大紫薄荷 (Purple Giant Hyssop)廣藿香 (Patchouli)
原產地東亞,包括韓國 (East Asia, including Korea)東南亞,尤其是印尼和菲律賓(Southeast Asia, particularly in Indonesia and the Philippines)
生長習性多年生草本植物 (Herbaceous perennial)多年生草本灌木 (Herbaceous perennial shrub)
高度約2至3英尺(60-90厘米)Approximately 2 to 3 feet (60-90 cm)可達2至3英尺(60-90厘米) Can reach 2 to 3 feet (60-90 cm)
葉子有鋸齒,卵形,有香味的葉子 (Toothed, ovate, aromatic leaves)大,芬芳,有毛的葉子 (Large, fragrant, hairy leaves)
氣味帶有薄荷和茴香的味道 (Minty, with hints of anise)土壤味,甜味,稍微辛辣 (Earthy, sweet, and slightly spicy)
花朵顏色紫色至薰衣草色 (Purple to lavender)白色至淺粉色 (White to pale pink)
花期晚夏至初秋 (Late summer to early fall)晚秋至初春 (Late fall to early spring)
用途烹飪(香草)和觀賞 (Culinary - aromatic herb and ornamental)提取精油,常用於香水和芳香療法(Essential oil extraction, commonly used in perfumery and aromatherapy)
化學成分富含精油,主要包含莰酮和草芥子醚(Rich in essential oils, primarily containing linalool and estragole)廣藿香油,含有廣藿香醇,α-白葉烯等化合物(Patchouli oil, containing patchoulol, α-bulnesene, and other compounds)
藥用性質在東亞醫學中傳統上用於治療消化和呼吸問題(Traditional uses in East Asian medicine for digestive and respiratory issues)在芳香療法中傳統上用於放鬆和治療皮膚狀況(Traditional uses in aromatherapy for relaxation and skin conditions)

請注意,這裡提供的信息是一般性的,具體的特徵可能會根據生長條件和地區變化。為獲取最準確和最新的信息,請參考可靠的植物學資料或諮詢專家。